Evaluation and Code Quality

Internal commentary: Poor. There are no comments in the program. A comment before the loop explaining that it collects 5 numbers, and one before the final line explaining the average calculation, would improve readability.

Meaningful identifiers: Poor. The variable names a, b, i, and n give no indication of what each variable holds. They should be renamed: a → total, b → average, i → counter, n → score.

Indentation: Partially acceptable. The two lines inside the FOR loop are indented, but inconsistently — they appear to use 4 spaces in one place and less in another. Consistent 4-space indentation should be used throughout.

White space: Poor. There are no blank lines between the variable declarations, the loop, and the output. Adding blank lines between these sections would make the structure of the program much clearer.

Fitness for purpose: Fully fit for purpose. All three requirements are met: line 1 accepts a Celsius temperature from the user; line 2 applies the correct conversion formula (C × 1.8 + 32); and line 3 displays the result in Fahrenheit. The program would produce the correct output for any valid numeric input.

Robustness: Not robust. There is no input validation. If the user enters a non-numeric value (e.g. "hot"), the program will crash with a ValueError on line 1. A WHILE loop should be added to validate that the input is within a realistic range, such as −273 to 1000 degrees Celsius. The program also does not handle the case where the user enters no value.

Inefficiency identified: Four separate IF statements are used. This means every condition is evaluated every time the program runs, even after a matching condition has been found. For example, if score is 85, the first condition is True and "Grade A" is printed — but conditions 2, 3, and 4 are still checked unnecessarily.

Why inefficient: With four separate IFs, the computer always performs four comparisons. With ELSE IF, it stops as soon as a match is found — potentially only one comparison is needed.

Rewritten:

score = int(input("Enter score: "))
if score >= 70:
    print("Grade A")
elif score >= 50:
    print("Grade B")
elif score >= 30:
    print("Grade C")
else:
    print("Fail")

Fitness for purpose: Fully fit for purpose. The program collects 5 names (FOR loop, lines 2–4), stores them in an array (line 4 appends each to n), and displays all five (FOR loop, lines 5–6). All three requirements are met.

Robustness: Robustness is not applicable for string input — any text the user types is valid. However, the input prompt ("?") gives no information about what to enter, which could lead to user error. A more descriptive prompt would improve the user experience.

Efficient use of coding constructs: Efficient. Two FOR loops are used rather than writing the input and print lines five times each. This is an appropriate and efficient use of loops for a fixed number of iterations.

Readability: Poor. Variable names n, i, and x are not meaningful — they should be names, counter, and pupilName. There are no internal comments. There is no white space between the two loops. Indentation appears consistent (acceptable).

# Program to collect 3 temperatures and calculate the average
total = 0

for reading in range(1, 4):
    temperature = float(input("Enter temperature " + str(reading) + " (-50 to 60°C): "))
    while temperature < -50 or temperature > 60:
        print("Invalid. Temperature must be between -50 and 60 degrees Celsius.")
        temperature = float(input("Enter temperature " + str(reading) + " (-50 to 60°C): "))
    total = total + temperature

# Calculate average and determine whether it is above or below freezing
average = total / 3
print("Average temperature:", round(average, 1), "°C")

if average > 0:
    print("The average temperature is above freezing.")
elif average == 0:
    print("The average temperature is exactly at freezing point.")
else:
    print("The average temperature is below freezing.")

This solution demonstrates: internal comments (lines 1 and 11); meaningful identifiers (total, reading, temperature, average); consistent 4-space indentation; blank lines between sections; robustness via input validation; and efficient use of elif.

# Medal award program — determines medal based on percentage score
percentage = int(input("Enter your percentage score (0-100): "))

# Award medal based on score bracket
if percentage >= 90:
    print("Gold medal")
elif percentage >= 70:
    print("Silver medal")
elif percentage >= 50:
    print("Bronze medal")
else:
    print("No medal awarded")

Improvements made:

Readability: p renamed to percentage (meaningful identifier); two comments added; blank line before the IF block; input prompt now descriptive.

Efficiency: four separate IFs replaced with IF / ELIF / ELSE — the computer now stops evaluating conditions as soon as a match is found.